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Facebook, Inc.", "identifier": "18-15982", "identifiers": { "docketNumber": "18-15982" }, "forum": "U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit", "jurisdiction": "美国·联邦·第九巡回上诉法院", "type": "civil-litigation", "stage": "judgment", "status": "decided", "startedAt": "2019-08-08", "precedentialWeight": "binding", "officialUrl": "https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ca9/18-15982/18-15982-2019-08-08.html" }, { "id": "matter-32:proceeding-2", "matterId": "matter-32", "formalName": "In re Facebook Biometric Information Privacy Litigation", "identifier": "3:15-cv-03747-JD", "identifiers": { "docketNumber": "3:15-cv-03747-JD" }, "forum": "U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California", "jurisdiction": "美国·联邦·第九巡回上诉法院", "type": "civil-litigation", "stage": "settlement", "status": "settled", "startedAt": "2015-08-17", "endedAt": "2021-02-26", "precedentialWeight": "not-applicable", "officialUrl": "https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USCOURTS-cand-3_15-cv-03747/USCOURTS-cand-3_15-cv-03747-16" } ], "events": [ { "id": "matter-32:event-1", "matterId": "matter-32", "proceedingId": "matter-32:proceeding-1", "date": "2019-08-08", "type": "judgment", "title": "第九巡回法院维持诉讼资格与集体认证", "summary": "第九巡回法院认定原告主张的 BIPA 侵害足以构成具体损害，并维持集体认证。", "documentIds": [ "matter-32:document-1" ], "claimIds": [ "matter-32:claim-1", "matter-32:claim-procedure" ] }, { "id": "matter-32:event-2", "matterId": "matter-32", "proceedingId": "matter-32:proceeding-2", "date": "2021-02-26", "type": "settlement", "title": "地区法院最终批准 6.5 亿美元集体和解", "summary": "加州北区法院于 2021 年 2 月 26 日最终批准 6.5 亿美元集体和解；最终批准不等于法院经审判认定 Facebook 对全部 BIPA 请求承担实体责任。", "documentIds": [ "matter-32:document-2" ], "claimIds": [ "matter-32:claim-2" ] } ], "documents": [ { "id": "matter-32:document-1", "familyId": "matter-32:family-1", "matterId": "matter-32", "eventId": "matter-32:event-1", "title": "Patel v. 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"language": "en" } ], "claims": [ { "id": "matter-32:claim-1", "matterId": "matter-32", "eventId": "matter-32:event-1", "text": "第九巡回法院认定原告主张的 BIPA 侵害足以构成具体损害，并维持集体认证。", "kind": "legal-holding", "status": "confirmed", "documentIds": [ "matter-32:document-1" ], "asOf": "2019-08-08" }, { "id": "matter-32:claim-2", "matterId": "matter-32", "eventId": "matter-32:event-2", "text": "加州北区法院于 2021 年 2 月 26 日最终批准 6.5 亿美元集体和解；最终批准不等于法院经审判认定 Facebook 对全部 BIPA 请求承担实体责任。", "kind": "procedural-fact", "status": "confirmed", "documentIds": [ "matter-32:document-2" ], "asOf": "2021-02-26" }, { "id": "matter-32:claim-procedure", "matterId": "matter-32", "eventId": "matter-32:event-1", "text": "18-15982 是本站记录的正式程序编号，程序由 U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit 处理。", "kind": "procedural-fact", "status": "confirmed", "documentIds": [ "matter-32:document-1" ], "asOf": "2019-08-08" } ], "caseBackground": { "narrativeZh": "Facebook 用户主张“Tag Suggestions”功能在未取得 BIPA 所要求的同意时扫描面部几何并创建模板。第九巡回法院在 18-15982 中确认这种无形生物识别隐私侵害可以构成联邦诉讼所需的具体损害，并维持集体认证；案件后来以 6.5 亿美元和解。", "partiesZh": [ "原告：Patel 等 Facebook 用户", "被告：Facebook, Inc." ], "aiSystemZh": "Facebook“Tag Suggestions”面部扫描与标签建议功能", "challengedConductZh": "在未取得 BIPA 所要求同意的情况下扫描用户面部几何并生成生物识别模板。", "allegedHarmZh": "原告主张其法定生物识别隐私权受到具体侵害。", "proceduralOriginZh": "地区法院认证集体后，Facebook 提起上诉；第九巡回法院于 2019 年 8 月 8 日裁定，后续地区法院程序以 6.5 亿美元和解结束。", "claimIds": [ "matter-32:claim-1", "matter-32:claim-2", "matter-32:claim-procedure" ], "documentIds": [ "matter-32:document-1", "matter-32:document-2" ] }, "issues": [ { "id": "matter-32:issue-article-iii-standing", "matterId": "matter-32", "titleZh": "无形生物识别侵害能否构成具体损害", "questionZh": "仅主张未经同意的面部几何扫描和模板生成，是否足以满足联邦法院的诉讼资格要求？", "contextZh": "争议决定 BIPA 程序权利侵害能否在联邦法院获得审理，而不要求先证明传统身体或经济损失。", "topic": "privacy-data-protection", "status": "resolved", "courtTreatmentZh": "第九巡回法院认定原告主张的 BIPA 侵害构成具体损害，足以支持联邦诉讼资格。", "claimIds": [ "matter-32:claim-1" ], "positions": [ { "id": "matter-32:issue-article-iii-standing:position-1", "issueId": "matter-32:issue-article-iii-standing", "sideZh": "Patel 等用户", "positionZh": "主张未经同意收集面部几何本身即具体侵害生物识别隐私。", "claimIds": [], "documentIds": [] }, { "id": "matter-32:issue-article-iii-standing:position-2", "issueId": "matter-32:issue-article-iii-standing", "sideZh": "Facebook", "positionZh": "对诉讼资格和集体认证提出上诉挑战。", "claimIds": [], "documentIds": [] } ] }, { "id": "matter-32:issue-class-certification", "matterId": "matter-32", "titleZh": "Tag Suggestions 用户能否作为集体诉讼", "questionZh": "围绕共同面部扫描实践提出的 BIPA 请求是否适合集体认证？", "contextZh": "如果关键处理实践和法定问题具有共同性，个体损害差异未必阻止集体程序。", "topic": "consumer-protection", "status": "resolved", "courtTreatmentZh": "第九巡回法院维持地区法院的集体认证。", "claimIds": [ "matter-32:claim-1" ], "positions": [ { "id": "matter-32:issue-class-certification:position-1", "issueId": "matter-32:issue-class-certification", "sideZh": "Patel 等用户", "positionZh": "主张 Facebook 的共同面部扫描实践适合统一审理。", "claimIds": [], "documentIds": [] }, { "id": "matter-32:issue-class-certification:position-2", "issueId": "matter-32:issue-class-certification", "sideZh": "Facebook", "positionZh": "上诉挑战集体认证，但未获第九巡回法院支持。", "claimIds": [], "documentIds": [] } ] }, { "id": "matter-32:issue-bipa-merits-settlement", "matterId": "matter-32", "titleZh": "BIPA 实体责任与后续和解", "questionZh": "上诉裁判是否已经认定 Facebook 对 BIPA 请求承担实体责任？", "contextZh": "诉讼资格和集体认证只是程序门槛；后续 6.5 亿美元和解也不等于经审判的责任认定。", "topic": "privacy-data-protection", "status": "partly-resolved", "courtTreatmentZh": "第九巡回法院没有裁判实体责任；案件后来和解，和解不构成实体责任判决。", "claimIds": [ "matter-32:claim-2" ], "positions": [ { "id": "matter-32:issue-bipa-merits-settlement:position-1", "issueId": "matter-32:issue-bipa-merits-settlement", "sideZh": "Patel 等用户", "positionZh": "主张未取得 BIPA 同意的面部扫描违法。", "claimIds": [], "documentIds": [] }, { "id": "matter-32:issue-bipa-merits-settlement:position-2", "issueId": "matter-32:issue-bipa-merits-settlement", "sideZh": "Facebook", "positionZh": "以 6.5 亿美元和解解决诉讼；底库未记录责任承认。", "claimIds": [], "documentIds": [] } ] } ], "decisions": [ { "id": "matter-32:decision-1", "matterId": "matter-32", "proceedingId": "matter-32:proceeding-1", "eventId": "matter-32:event-1", "date": "2019-08-08", "outcomeZh": "第九巡回法院确认原告具有联邦诉讼资格，并维持 Facebook 生物识别隐私诉讼的集体认证。", "holdingsZh": [ "未经同意扫描面部几何并生成模板的 BIPA 主张足以构成具体损害。", "地区法院对相关用户集体的认证得到维持。", "上诉意见没有判定 Facebook 对全部 BIPA 请求承担实体责任。" ], "reasoningZh": [ "生物识别信息的秘密收集和使用涉及实质隐私利益，无须先证明传统有形损害才能进入联邦法院。", "共同的面部扫描实践和法律问题支持维持集体程序。" ], "reliefZh": "本次上诉仅维持诉讼资格和集体认证，没有判给损害赔偿；后续地区法院程序以 6.5 亿美元和解。", "scopeAndLimitsZh": "裁判解决联邦诉讼资格与集体认证，不是对 Tag Suggestions 全部实体责任的审判结论。", "precedentialWeight": "binding", "appealStatusZh": "第九巡回法院于 2019 年 8 月 8 日作出有约束力判决；底层地区法院案件于 2021 年 2 月 26 日以和解结束。", "documentIds": [ "matter-32:document-1" ], "claimIds": [ "matter-32:claim-1" ] }, { "id": "matter-32:decision-2", "matterId": "matter-32", "proceedingId": "matter-32:proceeding-2", "eventId": "matter-32:event-2", "date": "2021-02-26", "outcomeZh": "加州北区法院于 2021 年 2 月 26 日最终批准 Facebook 生物识别隐私集体诉讼的 6.5 亿美元和解。", "holdingsZh": [ "法院依 Rule 23 最终批准 6.5 亿美元集体和解。", "最终批准解决集体请求，但不构成经审判的 BIPA 实体责任认定。" ], "reasoningZh": [ "法院审查和解金额、集体成员待遇和集体反应后，认定最终批准标准得到满足。" ], "reliefZh": "法院最终批准 6.5 亿美元共同基金和解及相关分配安排；该命令不是实体损害赔偿判决。", "scopeAndLimitsZh": "批准命令调整和解集体与 Facebook 之间的请求，不把诉状中的全部 BIPA 指控转化为经审事实。", "precedentialWeight": "not-applicable", "appealStatusZh": "地区法院于 2021 年 2 月 26 日录入最终批准命令；本案卷不据该命令推断未由所引材料记录的其他复审程序。", "documentIds": [ "matter-32:document-2" ], "claimIds": [ "matter-32:claim-2" ] } ], "issueDocumentLinks": [ { "id": "issue-document-matter-32-matter-32:issue-article-iii-standing-knowledge-bipa-biometric-privacy", "matterId": "matter-32", "issueId": "matter-32:issue-article-iii-standing", "documentId": "knowledge-bipa-biometric-privacy", "relationship": "doctrinal-context", "relevanceSummaryZh": "为 BIPA 的同意、保存销毁、私人诉权、损害与制度局限提供学术背景；不替代个案对请求发生或和解公平性的判断。 本次规则匹配仅使用本争点文本及其引用主张，命中 1 个确定性争点词；AI 作用分面只用于候选召回。", "viewpoint": "mixed", "confidence": 0.8500000000000001, "assignedBy": "rule" }, { "id": "news-context-link-matter-32-matter-32:issue-article-iii-standing-news-context-facial-recognition-challenges", "matterId": "matter-32", "issueId": "matter-32:issue-article-iii-standing", "documentId": "news-context-facial-recognition-challenges", "relationship": "news-context", "relevanceSummaryZh": "为生物识别案件提供无感收集、执法使用、偏差和跨场景滥用的社会与政策背景。 本次规则匹配仅使用本争点文本及其引用主张，命中 1 个确定性争点词。", "viewpoint": "critical", "confidence": 0.8500000000000001, "assignedBy": "rule" }, { "id": "issue-document-matter-32-matter-32:issue-bipa-merits-settlement-knowledge-bipa-biometric-privacy", "matterId": "matter-32", "issueId": "matter-32:issue-bipa-merits-settlement", "documentId": "knowledge-bipa-biometric-privacy", "relationship": "doctrinal-context", "relevanceSummaryZh": "为 BIPA 的同意、保存销毁、私人诉权、损害与制度局限提供学术背景；不替代个案对请求发生或和解公平性的判断。 本次规则匹配仅使用本争点文本及其引用主张，命中 1 个确定性争点词；AI 作用分面只用于候选召回。", "viewpoint": "mixed", "confidence": 0.8500000000000001, "assignedBy": "rule" } ] }, "issueDocuments": [ { "link": { "id": "issue-document-matter-32-matter-32:issue-article-iii-standing-knowledge-bipa-biometric-privacy", "matterId": "matter-32", "issueId": "matter-32:issue-article-iii-standing", "documentId": "knowledge-bipa-biometric-privacy", "relationship": "doctrinal-context", "relevanceSummaryZh": "为 BIPA 的同意、保存销毁、私人诉权、损害与制度局限提供学术背景；不替代个案对请求发生或和解公平性的判断。 本次规则匹配仅使用本争点文本及其引用主张，命中 1 个确定性争点词；AI 作用分面只用于候选召回。", "viewpoint": "mixed", "confidence": 0.8500000000000001, "assignedBy": "rule" }, "document": { "id": "knowledge-bipa-biometric-privacy", "familyId": "knowledge-family-bipa-biometric-privacy", "title": "BIPA：美国最重要的生物识别隐私法？", "originalTitle": "BIPA: The Most Important Biometric Privacy Law in the US?", "url": "https://ainowinstitute.org/publications/regulating-biometrics-global-approaches-and-open-questions", "kind": "academic-research", "sourceId": "ai-now-institute", "publishedAt": "2020-09-01", "author": "Woodrow Hartzog", "primaryOrSecondary": "secondary", "relationship": "independent", "identifiers": { "doi": "10.2139/ssrn.3722053" }, "language": "en", "metadata": { "abstractZh": "评估 BIPA 的知情同意、禁止牟利、保存销毁、注意义务和私人诉权，既肯定其问责作用，也批评仅依赖通知与选择难以处理生物识别系统性风险。", "venue": "Regulating Biometrics: Global Approaches and Urgent Questions", "publisher": "AI Now Institute", "publicationState": "published", "peerReviewed": false, "paywalled": false }, "stableIdentifier": { "kind": "doi", "value": "10.2139/ssrn.3722053" }, "legalTopics": [ "privacy-data-protection", "public-law-human-rights" ], "aiRoles": [ "biometrics", "automated-decision", "training-data" ] } }, { "link": { "id": "news-context-link-matter-32-matter-32:issue-article-iii-standing-news-context-facial-recognition-challenges", "matterId": "matter-32", "issueId": "matter-32:issue-article-iii-standing", "documentId": "news-context-facial-recognition-challenges", "relationship": "news-context", "relevanceSummaryZh": "为生物识别案件提供无感收集、执法使用、偏差和跨场景滥用的社会与政策背景。 本次规则匹配仅使用本争点文本及其引用主张，命中 1 个确定性争点词。", "viewpoint": "critical", 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