{
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  "generatedAt": "2026-07-16T12:09:49.395Z",
  "compatibility": {
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    "issueDocumentsAreNotTimelineEvents": true
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  "matter": {
    "id": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest",
    "slug": "cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest",
    "titleZh": "虞某 AI 换脸个人信息公益诉讼",
    "formalName": "杭州市萧山区人民检察院诉虞某侵害个人信息民事公益诉讼案",
    "aliases": [
      "AI 换脸个人信息公益诉讼",
      "（2023）浙0192民初4563号",
      "Yu AI face-swap public-interest case"
    ],
    "summary": "杭州互联网法院认定，虞某未经同意收集、处理多人脸部信息制作换脸淫秽内容并传播，损害公共信息安全和社会公共利益，支持检察机关全部公益诉讼请求。",
    "professionalSummary": "（2023）浙0192民初4563号把人脸敏感个人信息、深度合成滥用与民事公益诉讼救济结合。法院判令停止、删除、全国性媒体道歉并支付 6 万元公益损害赔偿。",
    "whyItMatters": "该案显示，深度伪造不只产生个体肖像或隐私损害；大规模、牟利性传播还可能触发代表不特定多数人的公益诉讼。",
    "status": "decided",
    "primaryTopic": "privacy-data-protection",
    "secondaryTopics": [
      "personality-deepfake",
      "public-law-human-rights"
    ],
    "aiRoles": [
      "deepfake",
      "biometrics"
    ],
    "jurisdiction": "中国·杭州互联网法院",
    "industries": [
      "社交媒体",
      "深度合成"
    ],
    "significance": {
      "legalNovelty": 28,
      "impactScope": 22,
      "institutionalLevel": 17,
      "crossBorder": 2,
      "sustainedCoverage": 13,
      "total": 82
    },
    "highProfile": true,
    "featured": false,
    "firstPublishedAt": "2026-07-16",
    "lastUpdatedAt": "2026-07-16",
    "proceedings": [
      {
        "formalName": "杭州市萧山区人民检察院诉虞某侵害个人信息民事公益诉讼",
        "identifier": "（2023）浙0192民初4563号",
        "identifiers": {
          "docketNumber": "（2023）浙0192民初4563号"
        },
        "forum": "杭州互联网法院",
        "jurisdiction": "中国·浙江·杭州",
        "type": "civil-litigation",
        "stage": "judgment",
        "status": "decided",
        "startedAt": "2023-06-12",
        "endedAt": "2023-08-22",
        "precedentialWeight": "persuasive",
        "officialUrl": "https://www.spp.gov.cn/spp/zdgz/202308/t20230823_625773.shtml",
        "id": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:proceeding:public-interest",
        "matterId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest"
      }
    ],
    "events": [
      {
        "date": "2023-06-12",
        "type": "filed",
        "title": "杭州互联网法院正式立案",
        "summary": "检察机关公告期满后提起民事公益诉讼，法院于 6 月 12 日立案。",
        "id": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:event:filed",
        "matterId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest",
        "proceedingId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:proceeding:public-interest",
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        "claimIds": [
          "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:claim:public-interest-filing"
        ]
      },
      {
        "date": "2023-08-04",
        "type": "judgment",
        "title": "法院支持全部公益诉讼请求",
        "summary": "法院认定深度合成滥用损害社会公共利益，判令停止、删除、道歉并赔偿 6 万元。",
        "id": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:event:judgment",
        "matterId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest",
        "proceedingId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:proceeding:public-interest",
        "documentIds": [
          "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:document:spp-report"
        ],
        "claimIds": [
          "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:claim:face-data-conduct",
          "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:claim:public-harm",
          "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:claim:public-interest-relief"
        ]
      },
      {
        "date": "2023-08-22",
        "type": "judgment",
        "title": "一审判决生效并履行",
        "summary": "虞某服判，判决生效；公开材料记载其已履行道歉和赔偿义务。",
        "id": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:event:effective",
        "matterId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest",
        "proceedingId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:proceeding:public-interest",
        "documentIds": [
          "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:document:spp-report"
        ],
        "claimIds": [
          "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:claim:effective-and-performed"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "documents": [
      {
        "title": "杭州检察机关提起 AI 换脸个人信息民事公益诉讼",
        "originalTitle": "杭州：对一起利用“AI换脸”技术侵犯公民个人信息案提起民事公益诉讼",
        "url": "https://www.spp.gov.cn/spp/zdgz/202306/t20230621_618170.shtml",
        "kind": "official-document",
        "sourceId": "supreme-peoples-procuratorate",
        "publishedAt": "2023-06-21",
        "primaryOrSecondary": "primary",
        "relationship": "party",
        "id": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:document:spp-filing",
        "familyId": "family-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest-spp-filing",
        "matterId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest",
        "eventId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:event:filed",
        "identifiers": {
          "docketNumber": "（2023）浙0192民初4563号"
        },
        "language": "zh-CN"
      },
      {
        "title": "透视 AI 换脸侵犯个人信息公益诉讼案",
        "originalTitle": "透视“AI换脸”侵犯个人信息公益诉讼案：换脸，不是想换就换",
        "url": "https://www.spp.gov.cn/spp/zdgz/202308/t20230823_625773.shtml",
        "kind": "official-document",
        "sourceId": "supreme-peoples-procuratorate",
        "publishedAt": "2023-08-23",
        "primaryOrSecondary": "primary",
        "relationship": "party",
        "id": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:document:spp-report",
        "familyId": "family-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest-spp-report",
        "matterId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest",
        "eventId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:event:judgment",
        "identifiers": {
          "docketNumber": "（2023）浙0192民初4563号"
        },
        "language": "zh-CN"
      },
      {
        "title": "人民法院报：用法治守住 AI“换脸”的安全底线",
        "originalTitle": "用法治守住AI“换脸”的安全底线",
        "url": "https://www.court.gov.cn/zixun/xiangqing/435431.html",
        "kind": "professional-commentary",
        "sourceId": "china-courts",
        "publishedAt": "2023-10-12",
        "primaryOrSecondary": "secondary",
        "relationship": "independent",
        "id": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:document:spc-commentary",
        "familyId": "family-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest-spc-commentary",
        "matterId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest",
        "identifiers": {
          "docketNumber": "（2023）浙0192民初4563号"
        },
        "language": "zh-CN"
      }
    ],
    "claims": [
      {
        "text": "萧山区检察院于 2023 年 6 月 9 日提起民事公益诉讼，杭州互联网法院于 6 月 12 日正式立案。",
        "kind": "procedural-fact",
        "status": "confirmed",
        "asOf": "2023-06-12",
        "id": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:claim:public-interest-filing",
        "matterId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest",
        "eventId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:event:filed",
        "documentIds": [
          "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:document:spp-filing",
          "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:document:spp-report"
        ]
      },
      {
        "text": "法院认定虞某未经同意收集和处理多人脸信息制作换脸淫秽内容，并在超过 2,000 人的社交群组传播，同时销售软件、素材和教程，获利 6 万余元。",
        "kind": "fact-finding",
        "status": "confirmed",
        "asOf": "2023-08-04",
        "id": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:claim:face-data-conduct",
        "matterId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest",
        "eventId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:event:judgment",
        "documentIds": [
          "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:document:spp-report"
        ]
      },
      {
        "text": "法院认定大规模滥用人脸深度合成技术损害公共信息安全和社会公共秩序，侵害社会公共利益。",
        "kind": "legal-holding",
        "status": "confirmed",
        "asOf": "2023-08-04",
        "id": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:claim:public-harm",
        "matterId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest",
        "eventId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:event:judgment",
        "documentIds": [
          "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:document:spp-report"
        ]
      },
      {
        "text": "法院判令立即停止侵权、删除留存的个人信息、在国家级媒体赔礼道歉，并支付公益损害赔偿 6 万元。",
        "kind": "legal-holding",
        "status": "confirmed",
        "asOf": "2023-08-04",
        "id": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:claim:public-interest-relief",
        "matterId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest",
        "eventId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:event:judgment",
        "documentIds": [
          "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:document:spp-report"
        ]
      },
      {
        "text": "判决于 2023 年 8 月 22 日生效；最高检公开材料记载虞某已履行道歉和赔偿义务。",
        "kind": "procedural-fact",
        "status": "confirmed",
        "asOf": "2023-08-22",
        "id": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:claim:effective-and-performed",
        "matterId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest",
        "eventId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:event:effective",
        "documentIds": [
          "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:document:spp-report"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "caseBackground": {
      "narrativeZh": "虞某学习换脸技术后，未经被编辑人同意收集网络人脸信息，将其替换到淫秽视频和图片中传播，并经营定制换脸、软件、素材和教程。刑事程序之外，检察机关认为相关行为侵害不特定多数人的个人信息权益与公共秩序，提起民事公益诉讼。",
      "partiesZh": [
        "公益诉讼起诉人：杭州市萧山区人民检察院",
        "被告：虞某"
      ],
      "aiSystemZh": "人脸深度合成和换脸软件",
      "challengedConductZh": "未经同意批量收集、处理、传播人脸信息，并销售换脸工具和方法。",
      "allegedHarmZh": "不特定多数人的敏感个人信息、人格利益以及公共信息安全受到侵害。",
      "proceduralOriginZh": "检察机关履行公告程序后提起民事公益诉讼，法院一审判决后被告服判履行。",
      "documentIds": [
        "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:document:spp-filing",
        "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:document:spp-report",
        "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:document:spc-commentary"
      ],
      "claimIds": [
        "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:claim:public-interest-filing",
        "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:claim:face-data-conduct",
        "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:claim:public-harm"
      ]
    },
    "issues": [
      {
        "id": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:issue:sensitive-face-data",
        "matterId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest",
        "titleZh": "换脸所用人脸信息的保护",
        "questionZh": "从公开网络取得的面部图像，能否在未经同意情况下被深度合成和传播？",
        "contextZh": "公开可见不等于可以脱离原目的处理敏感个人信息。",
        "courtTreatmentZh": "法院认定未经同意处理和传播人脸信息构成侵害。",
        "topic": "privacy-data-protection",
        "status": "resolved",
        "claimIds": [
          "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:claim:face-data-conduct"
        ],
        "positions": [
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            "id": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:issue:sensitive-face-data:position:procuratorate",
            "issueId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:issue:sensitive-face-data",
            "sideZh": "检察机关",
            "positionZh": "人脸信息高度可识别，深度合成和淫秽传播显著超出任何合理公开使用范围。",
            "claimIds": [
              "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:claim:face-data-conduct"
            ],
            "documentIds": [
              "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:document:spp-filing",
              "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:document:spp-report"
            ]
          },
          {
            "id": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:issue:sensitive-face-data:position:defendant",
            "issueId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:issue:sensitive-face-data",
            "sideZh": "被告",
            "positionZh": "庭审中通过代理人表示悔过并愿意履行赔偿；公开材料未见其提出系统性合法处理抗辩。",
            "claimIds": [
              "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:claim:effective-and-performed"
            ],
            "documentIds": [
              "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:document:spp-report"
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "id": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:issue:public-interest",
        "matterId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest",
        "titleZh": "个体侵害何时上升为社会公共利益损害",
        "questionZh": "大量换脸内容和工具传播是否足以支持检察民事公益诉讼？",
        "contextZh": "案件涉及不特定多数人和可复制的侵害方法，而非仅一个受害者。",
        "courtTreatmentZh": "法院确认公共信息安全和公共秩序受损，并支持检察机关全部请求。",
        "topic": "public-law-human-rights",
        "status": "resolved",
        "claimIds": [
          "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:claim:public-harm",
          "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:claim:public-interest-relief"
        ],
        "positions": [
          {
            "id": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:issue:public-interest:position:procuratorate",
            "issueId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:issue:public-interest",
            "sideZh": "检察机关",
            "positionZh": "批量侵害和传播技术方法扩大了不特定主体受害风险，超越个体私益。",
            "claimIds": [
              "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:claim:public-harm"
            ],
            "documentIds": [
              "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:document:spp-report"
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          },
          {
            "id": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:issue:public-interest:position:court",
            "issueId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:issue:public-interest",
            "sideZh": "法院",
            "positionZh": "行为损害公共信息安全和社会公共秩序，公益诉讼救济具有必要性。",
            "claimIds": [
              "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:claim:public-harm",
              "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:claim:public-interest-relief"
            ],
            "documentIds": [
              "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:document:spp-report",
              "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:document:spc-commentary"
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "decisions": [
      {
        "date": "2023-08-04",
        "outcomeZh": "支持检察机关全部民事公益诉讼请求。",
        "holdingsZh": [
          "未经同意批量处理和传播人脸信息构成侵害。",
          "深度合成滥用损害公共信息安全和社会公共利益。"
        ],
        "reasoningZh": [
          "行为对象涉及多人敏感个人信息且传播范围广。",
          "出售软件、素材和教程进一步扩散侵害方法和社会风险。"
        ],
        "reliefZh": "停止侵害、删除个人信息、在国家级媒体赔礼道歉，并支付公益损害赔偿人民币 6 万元。",
        "scopeAndLimitsZh": "普通民事公益诉讼一审判决，仅具说服性；结论针对未经同意、牟利、批量和淫秽传播等事实组合。",
        "precedentialWeight": "persuasive",
        "appealStatusZh": "被告服判，2023 年 8 月 22 日生效并已履行。",
        "id": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:decision:first-instance",
        "matterId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest",
        "proceedingId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:proceeding:public-interest",
        "eventId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:event:judgment",
        "documentIds": [
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          "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:claim:public-interest-relief",
          "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:claim:effective-and-performed"
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      }
    ],
    "issueDocumentLinks": [
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        "id": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:issue-document:spc-commentary-public-interest",
        "matterId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest",
        "issueId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:issue:public-interest",
        "documentId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:document:spc-commentary",
        "relationship": "direct-case-analysis",
        "relevanceSummaryZh": "人民法院报评论从公共信息安全和社会公共秩序角度分析该案，作为争点观察展示，不作为裁判事件或裁决效力的触发材料。",
        "viewpoint": "descriptive",
        "confidence": 0.96,
        "assignedBy": "editor"
      },
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        "matterId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest",
        "issueId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:issue:sensitive-face-data",
        "documentId": "knowledge-deep-fakes",
        "relationship": "doctrinal-context",
        "relevanceSummaryZh": "用于区分深度伪造造成的人格、隐私、版权、证据和公共治理伤害及相应救济边界。 本次规则匹配仅使用本争点文本及其引用主张，命中 1 个确定性争点词；AI 作用分面只用于候选召回。",
        "viewpoint": "critical",
        "confidence": 0.8500000000000001,
        "assignedBy": "rule"
      },
      {
        "id": "issue-document-matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest-matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:issue:public-interest-knowledge-deep-fakes",
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        "issueId": "matter-cn-yu-ai-face-swap-public-interest:issue:public-interest",
        "documentId": "knowledge-deep-fakes",
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