{ "schemaVersion": "2.0", "generatedAt": "2026-07-16T12:09:49.393Z", "compatibility": { "legacyMatterFieldsRetained": true, "issueDocumentsAreNotTimelineEvents": true }, "matter": { "id": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora", "slug": "cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora", "titleZh": "杭州“奥特曼”LoRA 平台责任案", "formalName": "上海新创华文化发展有限公司诉某生成式人工智能平台著作权侵权及不正当竞争案", "aliases": [ "杭州奥特曼 LoRA 案", "（2024）浙0192民初1587号", "（2024）浙01民终10332号", "Ultraman LoRA platform case (Hangzhou)" ], "summary": "杭州法院就第三方模型与 LoRA 内容平台的责任作出分层判断：平台不因所有用户生成内容当然承担直接侵权责任，但对明显侵权内容的推荐、托管和可采取措施会影响帮助侵权判断。", "professionalSummary": "一、二审围绕（2024）浙0192民初1587号和（2024）浙01民终10332号，采用盈利模式、作品知名度、侵权明显程度、替代设计成本和信息管理能力等动态因素评估平台过错；反不正当竞争请求未获支持。", "whyItMatters": "该案提供了比“生成即负责”更精细的平台责任框架，也与广州奥特曼案形成可比较但不能合并的两条责任路径。", "status": "decided", "primaryTopic": "platform-liability", "secondaryTopics": [ "copyright", "competition" ], "aiRoles": [ "model-output", "training-data" ], "jurisdiction": "中国·浙江·杭州", "industries": [ "生成式 AI", "模型分享平台", "影视与角色授权" ], "significance": { "legalNovelty": 29, "impactScope": 23, "institutionalLevel": 17, "crossBorder": 5, "sustainedCoverage": 13, "total": 87 }, "highProfile": true, "featured": true, "firstPublishedAt": "2026-07-16", "lastUpdatedAt": "2026-07-16", "proceedings": [ { "formalName": "上海新创华文化发展有限公司诉某生成式人工智能平台案（一审）", "identifier": "（2024）浙0192民初1587号", "identifiers": { "docketNumber": "（2024）浙0192民初1587号" }, "forum": "杭州互联网法院", "jurisdiction": "中国·浙江·杭州", "type": "civil-litigation", "stage": "judgment", "status": "decided", "startedAt": "2024-02-20", "endedAt": "2024-09-25", "precedentialWeight": "persuasive", "officialUrl": "https://www.ciplawyer.net/articles/155988.html", "id": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:proceeding:first-instance", "matterId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora" }, { "formalName": "上海新创华文化发展有限公司诉某生成式人工智能平台案（二审）", "identifier": "（2024）浙01民终10332号", "identifiers": { "docketNumber": "（2024）浙01民终10332号" }, "forum": "浙江省杭州市中级人民法院", "jurisdiction": "中国·浙江·杭州", "type": "civil-litigation", "stage": "appeal", "status": "decided", "startedAt": "2024", "endedAt": "2024-12-30", "precedentialWeight": "persuasive", "officialUrl": "https://www.court.gov.cn/zixun/xiangqing/462901.html", "id": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:proceeding:appeal", "matterId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora" } ], "events": [ { "date": "2024-02-20", "type": "filed", "title": "杭州互联网法院受理案件", "summary": "权利人就平台展示、推荐奥特曼相关模型和图片提起诉讼。", "id": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:event:filed", "matterId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora", "proceedingId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:proceeding:first-instance", "documentIds": [ "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:document:first-judgment" ], "claimIds": [ "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:claim:filing", "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:claim:platform-conduct" ] }, { "date": "2024-09-25", "type": "judgment", "title": "一审区分平台直接侵权与帮助侵权", "summary": "法院对平台托管、推荐及其可采取措施分别评估，并对部分行为认定责任。", "id": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:event:first-judgment", "matterId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora", "proceedingId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:proceeding:first-instance", "documentIds": [ "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:document:first-judgment" ], "claimIds": [ "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:claim:first-holding", "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:claim:unfair-competition" ] }, { "date": "2024-12-30", "type": "judgment", "title": "二审维持原判", "summary": "杭州市中级人民法院维持一审结果，确认动态、多因素的平台过错判断。", "id": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:event:appeal-judgment", "matterId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora", "proceedingId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:proceeding:appeal", "documentIds": [ "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:document:appeal-judgment", "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:document:spc-annual-report" ], "claimIds": [ "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:claim:appeal-result", "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:claim:dynamic-duty" ] } ], "documents": [ { "title": "（2024）浙0192民初1587号一审判决书转录", "originalTitle": "上海新创华文化发展有限公司诉某科技公司著作权侵权及不正当竞争纠纷一审民事判决书", "url": "https://www.ciplawyer.net/articles/155988.html", "kind": "official-document", "sourceId": "china-ip-lawyer", "publishedAt": "2024-09-25", "primaryOrSecondary": "primary", "relationship": "independent", "id": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:document:first-judgment", "familyId": "family-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora-first-judgment", "matterId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora", "eventId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:event:first-judgment", "identifiers": { "docketNumber": "（2024）浙0192民初1587号" }, "language": "zh-CN" }, { "title": "（2024）浙01民终10332号二审判决书转录", "originalTitle": "生成式人工智能服务提供者著作权侵权及不正当竞争纠纷二审民事判决书", "url": "https://www.ciplawyer.cn/articles/155989.html", "kind": "official-document", "sourceId": "china-ip-lawyer", "publishedAt": "2024-12-30", "primaryOrSecondary": "primary", "relationship": "independent", "id": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:document:appeal-judgment", "familyId": "family-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora-appeal-judgment", "matterId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora", "eventId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:event:appeal-judgment", "identifiers": { "docketNumber": "（2024）浙01民终10332号" }, "language": "zh-CN" }, { "title": "全国法院知识产权案件法律适用问题年度报告（2024）摘要", "originalTitle": "全国法院知识产权案件法律适用问题年度报告（2024）摘要", "url": "https://www.court.gov.cn/zixun/xiangqing/462901.html", "kind": "official-document", "sourceId": "china-courts", "publishedAt": "2025-04-21", "primaryOrSecondary": "primary", "relationship": "independent", "locator": "著作权案件审判第 29 项", "id": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:document:spc-annual-report", "familyId": "family-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora-spc-annual-report", "matterId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora", "eventId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:event:appeal-judgment", "identifiers": { "docketNumber": "（2024）浙01民终10332号" }, "language": "zh-CN" } ], "claims": [ { "text": "杭州互联网法院于 2024 年 2 月 20 日受理（2024）浙0192民初1587号。", "kind": "procedural-fact", "status": "confirmed", "asOf": "2024-02-20", "id": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:claim:filing", "matterId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora", "eventId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:event:filed", "documentIds": [ "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:document:first-judgment" ] }, { "text": "平台提供基于第三方底层模型的图片生成和 LoRA 模型训练、上传、展示服务，并展示与奥特曼形象相关的模型和图片。", "kind": "fact-finding", "status": "confirmed", "asOf": "2024-09-25", "id": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:claim:platform-conduct", "matterId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora", "eventId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:event:filed", "documentIds": [ "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:document:first-judgment", "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:document:appeal-judgment" ] }, { "text": "一审没有把平台对所有用户内容一概认定为直接侵权，而是结合内容来源、推荐展示和可采取措施，对部分行为认定帮助侵权责任。", "kind": "legal-holding", "status": "confirmed", "asOf": "2024-09-25", "id": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:claim:first-holding", "matterId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora", "eventId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:event:first-judgment", "documentIds": [ "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:document:first-judgment" ] }, { "text": "法院未支持反不正当竞争请求，认为仅在违反诚信原则和公认商业道德并扰乱竞争秩序时，才由反不正当竞争法另行规制。", "kind": "legal-holding", "status": "confirmed", "asOf": "2024-09-25", "id": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:claim:unfair-competition", "matterId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora", "eventId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:event:first-judgment", "documentIds": [ "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:document:first-judgment", "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:document:spc-annual-report" ] }, { "text": "杭州市中级人民法院于 2024 年 12 月 30 日作出二审判决，驳回上诉并维持原判。", "kind": "procedural-fact", "status": "confirmed", "asOf": "2024-12-30", "id": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:claim:appeal-result", "matterId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora", "eventId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:event:appeal-judgment", "documentIds": [ "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:document:appeal-judgment" ] }, { "text": "二审裁判要旨要求综合盈利模式、作品知名度、侵权明显程度、技术水平、替代设计成本、措施效果和行业影响，动态判断与平台信息管理能力相适应的注意义务。", "kind": "legal-holding", "status": "confirmed", "asOf": "2024-12-30", "id": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:claim:dynamic-duty", "matterId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora", "eventId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:event:appeal-judgment", "documentIds": [ "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:document:appeal-judgment", "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:document:spc-annual-report" ] } ], "caseBackground": { "narrativeZh": "原告经营奥特曼系列角色权利。被告平台允许用户调用第三方底层模型生成图片、训练并上传 LoRA 模型，也通过平台界面展示或推荐相关模型和生成结果。原告主张直接侵权、帮助侵权及不正当竞争。", "partiesZh": [ "原告：上海新创华文化发展有限公司", "被告：某生成式人工智能模型分享平台运营者" ], "aiSystemZh": "基于第三方模型并支持 LoRA 训练、上传和分享的生成式图片平台", "challengedConductZh": "托管、展示、推荐奥特曼相关 LoRA 模型和生成图片，并向用户提供生成服务。", "allegedHarmZh": "角色作品被复制、传播，平台流量与商业收益建立在侵权内容之上。", "proceduralOriginZh": "2024 年 2 月受理，一审同年 9 月裁判，二审同年 12 月维持。", "documentIds": [ "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:document:first-judgment", "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:document:appeal-judgment", "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:document:spc-annual-report" ], "claimIds": [ "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:claim:filing", "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:claim:platform-conduct", "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:claim:first-holding" ] }, "issues": [ { "id": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:issue:platform-liability", "matterId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora", "titleZh": "生成式平台何时构成帮助侵权", "questionZh": "用户上传或生成侵权内容时，平台的推荐、获利和控制能力如何影响过错？", "contextZh": "案件要求区分底层模型、用户内容和平台运营行为。", "courtTreatmentZh": "法院采用动态多因素标准，并对平台部分托管、展示和推荐行为认定责任。", "topic": "platform-liability", "status": "resolved", "claimIds": [ "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:claim:platform-conduct", "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:claim:first-holding", "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:claim:dynamic-duty" ], "positions": [ { "id": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:issue:platform-liability:position:plaintiff", "issueId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:issue:platform-liability", "sideZh": "原告", "positionZh": "平台对知名角色相关内容进行展示、推荐并获利，应当知道侵权风险。", "claimIds": [ "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:claim:platform-conduct" ], "documentIds": [ "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:document:first-judgment" ] }, { "id": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:issue:platform-liability:position:platform", "issueId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:issue:platform-liability", "sideZh": "平台", "positionZh": "内容和底层模型来自用户或第三方，平台主张其提供中立技术服务。", "claimIds": [ "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:claim:first-holding" ], "documentIds": [ "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:document:first-judgment", "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:document:appeal-judgment" ] } ] }, { "id": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:issue:competition-fallback", "matterId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora", "titleZh": "版权之外能否适用反不正当竞争法", "questionZh": "平台行为未满足版权请求时，是否可直接以一般条款填补？", "contextZh": "一般条款不能仅因原告认为行为不公平就当然适用。", "courtTreatmentZh": "法院认为案涉行为未达到违反公认商业道德并扰乱竞争秩序的独立门槛。", "topic": "competition", "status": "resolved", "claimIds": [ "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:claim:unfair-competition" ], "positions": [ { "id": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:issue:competition-fallback:position:plaintiff", "issueId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:issue:competition-fallback", "sideZh": "原告", "positionZh": "平台利用角色知名度吸引用户，构成不正当竞争。", "claimIds": [ "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:claim:platform-conduct" ], "documentIds": [ "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:document:first-judgment" ] }, { "id": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:issue:competition-fallback:position:court", "issueId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:issue:competition-fallback", "sideZh": "法院", "positionZh": "反不正当竞争一般条款需要独立的诚信、商业道德和竞争秩序损害判断。", "claimIds": [ "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:claim:unfair-competition" ], "documentIds": [ "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:document:spc-annual-report" ] } ] } ], "decisions": [ { "date": "2024-09-25", "outcomeZh": "部分支持著作权请求，未支持反不正当竞争请求。", "holdingsZh": [ "平台对部分明显侵权内容承担帮助侵权责任。", "反不正当竞争法一般条款不当然补充适用。" ], "reasoningZh": [ "平台责任取决于其是否知道或应当知道侵权，以及能够采取的合理措施。", "应区分用户上传、模型来源与平台自身推荐运营行为。" ], "reliefZh": "以一审判决列明的停止侵权、赔偿等责任为限。", "scopeAndLimitsZh": "普通一审民事判决，仅具说服性；并未确认平台对全部用户内容或第三方模型承担无过错责任。", "precedentialWeight": "persuasive", "appealStatusZh": "双方提起上诉；二审维持。", "id": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:decision:first-instance", "matterId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora", "proceedingId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:proceeding:first-instance", "eventId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:event:first-judgment", "documentIds": [ "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:document:first-judgment" ], "claimIds": [ "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:claim:first-holding", "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:claim:unfair-competition" ] }, { "date": "2024-12-30", "outcomeZh": "驳回上诉，维持原判。", "holdingsZh": [ "平台注意义务采用与信息管理能力相适应的动态多因素标准。", "反不正当竞争一般条款须满足独立规制门槛。" ], "reasoningZh": [ "盈利模式、作品知名度、侵权明显程度和措施成本等因素共同决定是否存在过错。", "责任标准还应考虑技术发展与对行业的影响。" ], "reliefZh": "维持一审责任安排。", "scopeAndLimitsZh": "普通二审民事判决，对本案当事人终局；在其他案件中作为说服性材料，而非英美法意义上的先例。", "precedentialWeight": "persuasive", "appealStatusZh": "二审终审，公开材料未见再审裁判。", "id": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:decision:appeal", "matterId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora", "proceedingId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:proceeding:appeal", "eventId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:event:appeal-judgment", "documentIds": [ "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:document:appeal-judgment", "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:document:spc-annual-report" ], "claimIds": [ "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:claim:appeal-result", "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:claim:dynamic-duty", "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:claim:unfair-competition" ] } ], "issueDocumentLinks": [ { "id": "issue-document-matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora-matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:issue:platform-liability-knowledge-copyright-safety-generative-ai", "matterId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora", "issueId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:issue:platform-liability", "documentId": "knowledge-copyright-safety-generative-ai", "relationship": "doctrinal-context", "relevanceSummaryZh": "为模型记忆、角色复现、训练去重与输出过滤等争议提供版权和工程交叉背景。 本次规则匹配仅使用本争点文本及其引用主张，命中 3 个确定性争点词；AI 作用分面只用于候选召回。", "viewpoint": "mixed", "confidence": 0.9500000000000001, "assignedBy": "rule" }, { "id": "news-context-link-matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora-matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:issue:platform-liability-news-context-ai-liability-ip-harms", "matterId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora", "issueId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:issue:platform-liability", "documentId": "news-context-ai-liability-ip-harms", "relationship": "news-context", "relevanceSummaryZh": "用于比较生成式 AI 供应链中训练复制、近似输出、元数据去除、商标和公开权的不同责任入口。 本次规则匹配仅使用本争点文本及其引用主张，命中 2 个确定性争点词。", "viewpoint": "mixed", "confidence": 0.9, "assignedBy": "rule" } ] }, "issueDocuments": [ { "link": { "id": "issue-document-matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora-matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:issue:platform-liability-knowledge-copyright-safety-generative-ai", "matterId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora", "issueId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:issue:platform-liability", "documentId": "knowledge-copyright-safety-generative-ai", "relationship": "doctrinal-context", "relevanceSummaryZh": "为模型记忆、角色复现、训练去重与输出过滤等争议提供版权和工程交叉背景。 本次规则匹配仅使用本争点文本及其引用主张，命中 3 个确定性争点词；AI 作用分面只用于候选召回。", "viewpoint": "mixed", "confidence": 0.9500000000000001, "assignedBy": "rule" }, "document": { "id": "knowledge-copyright-safety-generative-ai", "familyId": "knowledge-family-copyright-safety-generative-ai", "title": "生成式 AI 的版权安全", "originalTitle": "Copyright Safety for Generative AI", "url": "https://houstonlawreview.org/article/92126-copyright-safety-for-generative-ai", "kind": "academic-research", "sourceId": "houston-law-review", "publishedAt": "2023-12-11", "author": "Matthew Sag", "primaryOrSecondary": "secondary", "relationship": "independent", "identifiers": {}, "language": "en", "metadata": { "abstractZh": "区分通常的非表达性训练与模型记忆、近似复现等边缘风险，并提出去重、训练记录、敏感提示处理和输出过滤等版权安全措施。", "venue": "Houston Law Review 61: 295", "publisher": "Houston Law Review", "publicationState": "published", "peerReviewed": false, "paywalled": false }, "stableIdentifier": { "kind": "publisher-record", "value": "houston-law-review:61:2:295" }, "legalTopics": [ "copyright", "platform-liability" ], "aiRoles": [ "training-data", "model-output" ] } }, { "link": { "id": "news-context-link-matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora-matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:issue:platform-liability-news-context-ai-liability-ip-harms", "matterId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora", "issueId": "matter-cn-hangzhou-ultraman-lora:issue:platform-liability", "documentId": "news-context-ai-liability-ip-harms", "relationship": "news-context", "relevanceSummaryZh": "用于比较生成式 AI 供应链中训练复制、近似输出、元数据去除、商标和公开权的不同责任入口。 本次规则匹配仅使用本争点文本及其引用主张，命中 2 个确定性争点词。", "viewpoint": "mixed", "confidence": 0.9, "assignedBy": "rule" }, "document": { "id": "news-context-ai-liability-ip-harms", "familyId": "news-family-ai-liability-ip-harms", "title": "AI 造成知识产权损害时，责任如何分配", "originalTitle": "AI Liability for Intellectual Property Harms", "url": "https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/ai-liability-for-intellectual-property-harms", "kind": "professional-commentary", "sourceId": "lawfare", "publishedAt": "2024-09-23", "author": "Katrina Geddes", "primaryOrSecondary": "secondary", "relationship": "independent", "identifiers": {}, "language": "en", "metadata": { "abstractZh": "文章分别分析未经许可训练、近似输出、版权管理信息、商标和形象商业利用，强调开发者、部署者与用户的责任不能用一个统一答案概括。", "venue": "Lawfare", "publisher": "Lawfare Institute", "publicationState": "published", "peerReviewed": false, "paywalled": false }, "editorialSummaryZh": "这篇评论把训练、输出和传播链条拆开，说明同一生成内容可能同时触发版权、商标与人格商业利用争议；它提供责任分配框架，不代表法院已经采纳其中结论。", "legalTopics": [ "copyright", "trademark", "personality-deepfake", "platform-liability" ], "aiRoles": [ "training-data", "model-output", "deepfake" ] } } ], "sources": [ { "id": "china-ip-lawyer", "slug": "china-ip-lawyer", "name": "China IP Lawyer", "nativeName": "知产宝 / 中国知识产权律师网", "homepage": "https://www.ciplawyer.cn/", "type": "legal-database", "grade": "B", "primaryOrSecondary": "mixed", "score": { "traceability": 23, "corrections": 14, "ownershipTransparency": 17, "expertise": 18, "historicalAccuracy": 11, "total": 83 }, "rationale": "提供具备案号和裁判结构的文书转录及专业案例整理；转录可用于定位和交叉核对，但程序状态优先采用法院自有发布。", "methodologyVersion": "1.0", "reviewedAt": "2026-07-16" }, { "id": "china-courts", "slug": "china-courts", "name": "Supreme People's Court of China", "homepage": "https://english.court.gov.cn/", "type": "court", "grade": "A", "primaryOrSecondary": "primary", "score": { "traceability": 25, "corrections": 18, 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