{ "schemaVersion": "2.0", "generatedAt": "2026-07-16T12:09:49.398Z", "compatibility": { "legacyMatterFieldsRetained": true, "issueDocumentsAreNotTimelineEvents": true }, "matter": { "id": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights", "slug": "cn-ai-companion-personality-rights", "titleZh": "AI 陪伴软件人格权案", "formalName": "何某诉上海某网络科技有限公司人格权侵权案", "aliases": [ "AI 陪伴人格权案", "（2020）京0491民初9526号", "（2021）京04民终777号", "AI companion personality-rights case" ], "summary": "北京互联网法院认定，平台围绕现实公众人物姓名、肖像和人格特征设计可由用户互动“调教”的 AI 陪伴角色，并通过规则、算法和商业功能组织内容，不属于中立存储。", "professionalSummary": "（2020）京0491民初9526号确认自然人人格利益可延伸至足以指向本人的虚拟形象，并认定平台对产品结构、角色生成和商业获益具有实质控制。二审中上诉人撤回上诉，一审判决生效。", "whyItMatters": "该案早于生成式 AI 热潮就处理了“用户参与创作”与平台算法组织责任，说明人格权风险不能全部转嫁给终端用户。", "status": "decided", "primaryTopic": "personality-deepfake", "secondaryTopics": [ "platform-liability", "privacy-data-protection" ], "aiRoles": [ "model-output", "agentic-action" ], "jurisdiction": "中国·北京互联网法院 / 北京市第四中级人民法院", "industries": [ "AI 陪伴", "移动应用", "娱乐" ], 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"matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:claim:companion-relief" ] }, { "date": "2022-01-12", "type": "appeal", "title": "二审准许撤回上诉", "summary": "上诉人在二审期间撤回上诉，北京市第四中级人民法院裁定准许，一审判决生效。", "id": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:event:appeal-withdrawn", "matterId": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights", "proceedingId": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:proceeding:appeal", "documentIds": [ "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:document:appeal-order" ], "claimIds": [ "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:claim:withdrawal" ] }, { "date": "2025-02-26", "type": "publication", "title": "人民法院案例库公开入库案例", "summary": "人民法院案例库公开本案裁判要旨和事实结构。", "id": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:event:case-library-publication", "matterId": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights", "proceedingId": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:proceeding:first-instance", "documentIds": [ "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:document:case-library" ], "claimIds": [ "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:claim:library-publication" ] } ], "documents": [ { "title": "何某诉上海某网络科技有限公司人格权侵权纠纷入库案例", "originalTitle": "何某诉上海某网络科技有限公司人格权侵权纠纷案", "url": "https://www.sdcourt.gov.cn/dyzy/resource/cms/article/372898/34666228/2025022608493322671.pdf", "kind": "official-document", "sourceId": "peoples-court-case-library", "publishedAt": "2025-02-26", "primaryOrSecondary": "primary", "relationship": "independent", "locator": "人民法院案例库 PDF 镜像", "id": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:document:case-library", "familyId": "family-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights-case-library", "matterId": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights", "eventId": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:event:case-library-publication", "identifiers": { "docketNumber": "（2020）京0491民初9526号" }, "language": "zh-CN" }, { "title": "（2021）京04民终777号二审裁定转录", "originalTitle": "何某与上海某网络科技有限公司人格权纠纷二审民事裁定书", "url": "https://www.ciplawyer.cn/articles/157540.html", "kind": 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"法院认定自然人的姓名、肖像和一般人格利益可及于足以稳定指向本人的虚拟形象，平台构成侵权。", "kind": "legal-holding", "status": "confirmed", "asOf": "2021-08-21", "id": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:claim:personality-holding", "matterId": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights", "eventId": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:event:first-judgment", "documentIds": [ "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:document:case-library" ] }, { "text": "一审判令平台赔礼道歉，并赔偿经济损失及合理开支 18.3 万元、精神损害抚慰金 2 万元。", "kind": "legal-holding", "status": "confirmed", "asOf": "2021-08-21", "id": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:claim:companion-relief", "matterId": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights", "eventId": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:event:first-judgment", "documentIds": [ "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:document:case-library", "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:document:appeal-order" ] }, { "text": "北京市第四中级人民法院于 2022 年 1 月 12 日准许上诉人撤回上诉，一审判决自裁定送达之日起生效。", "kind": "procedural-fact", "status": "confirmed", "asOf": "2022-01-12", "id": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:claim:withdrawal", "matterId": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights", "eventId": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:event:appeal-withdrawn", "documentIds": [ "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:document:appeal-order" ] }, { "text": "人民法院案例库公开材料确认本案的案号、裁判要旨和救济结果。", "kind": "procedural-fact", "status": "confirmed", "asOf": "2025-02-26", "id": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:claim:library-publication", "matterId": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights", "eventId": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:event:case-library-publication", "documentIds": [ "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:document:case-library" ] } ], "caseBackground": { "narrativeZh": "某智能记账应用允许用户创建和互动训练虚拟人物。平台以公众人物何某的姓名、肖像及人格特征为基础设置 AI 陪伴角色，并以算法、规则和商业功能推动用户互动。何某认为这种未经许可的虚拟替身侵害其人格权益。", "partiesZh": [ "原告：公众人物何某", "被告：上海某网络科技有限公司" ], "aiSystemZh": "由平台规则、算法和用户互动共同塑造的 AI 陪伴虚拟角色", "challengedConductZh": "未经许可使用现实人物身份和人格特征创建、运营可互动的商业化虚拟角色。", "allegedHarmZh": "姓名、肖像和一般人格利益被置于平台设计的虚构亲密互动中，削弱本人控制。", "proceduralOriginZh": "北京互联网法院一审判决后，被告上诉；二审撤诉，一审生效。", "documentIds": [ "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:document:case-library", "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:document:appeal-order" ], "claimIds": [ "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:claim:platform-design", "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:claim:personality-holding", "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:claim:companion-relief" ] }, "issues": [ { "id": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:issue:virtual-personality", "matterId": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights", "titleZh": "人格权益能否延伸至虚拟形象", "questionZh": "AI 角色并非真人影像时，姓名、肖像和人格特征的组合是否仍足以指向本人？", "contextZh": "虚拟化不当然切断公众对现实自然人的识别和情感联系。", "courtTreatmentZh": "法院确认案内虚拟角色稳定指向何某，其姓名、肖像和一般人格利益受保护。", "topic": "personality-deepfake", "status": "resolved", "claimIds": [ "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:claim:personality-holding" ], "positions": [ { "id": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:issue:virtual-personality:position:plaintiff", "issueId": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:issue:virtual-personality", "sideZh": "原告", "positionZh": "角色把现实身份置于未经许可的虚构互动中，公众仍会联想到本人。", "claimIds": [ "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:claim:personality-holding" ], "documentIds": [ "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:document:case-library" ] }, { "id": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:issue:virtual-personality:position:platform", "issueId": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:issue:virtual-personality", "sideZh": "平台", "positionZh": "相关内容包含用户参与和虚拟表达，不应全部视为平台直接利用。", "claimIds": [ "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:claim:platform-design" ], "documentIds": [ "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:document:case-library" ] } ] }, { "id": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:issue:platform-neutrality", "matterId": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights", "titleZh": "平台是否只是中立技术服务者", "questionZh": "用户参与“训练”角色时，平台能否以内容由用户产生为由免责？", "contextZh": "平台同时设计人物模板、交互规则、算法分发和商业入口。", "courtTreatmentZh": "法院认定平台对内容形成和商业使用具有组织、控制作用，不属于被动存储。", "topic": "platform-liability", "status": "resolved", "claimIds": [ "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:claim:platform-design", "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:claim:personality-holding" ], "positions": [ { "id": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:issue:platform-neutrality:position:plaintiff", "issueId": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:issue:platform-neutrality", "sideZh": "原告", "positionZh": "平台提供人物基础、产品机制并从互动获益，是内容经营者。", "claimIds": [ "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:claim:platform-design" ], "documentIds": [ "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:document:case-library" ] }, { "id": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:issue:platform-neutrality:position:platform", "issueId": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:issue:platform-neutrality", "sideZh": "平台", "positionZh": "用户互动对角色内容有贡献，平台主张不应承担全部内容责任。", "claimIds": [ "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:claim:platform-design" ], "documentIds": [ "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:document:case-library" ] } ] } ], "decisions": [ { "date": "2021-08-21", "outcomeZh": "原告胜诉。", "holdingsZh": [ "人格权益可延伸至足以指向自然人的虚拟形象。", "平台通过规则、算法和商业设计实质组织内容，不是中立技术服务者。" ], "reasoningZh": [ "姓名、肖像和人格特征的组合使虚拟角色与何某形成稳定联系。", "平台决定角色基础设定和交互机制并从服务获益。" ], "reliefZh": "赔礼道歉；赔偿经济损失及合理开支 18.3 万元、精神损害抚慰金 2 万元。", "scopeAndLimitsZh": "普通一审民事判决，仅具说服性；结论依赖平台对具体角色和互动机制的主动设计。", "precedentialWeight": "persuasive", "appealStatusZh": "被告上诉后撤回，一审判决生效。", "id": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:decision:first-instance", "matterId": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights", "proceedingId": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:proceeding:first-instance", "eventId": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:event:first-judgment", "documentIds": [ "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:document:case-library", "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:document:appeal-order" ], "claimIds": [ "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:claim:platform-design", "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:claim:personality-holding", "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:claim:companion-relief", "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:claim:withdrawal" ] }, { "date": "2022-01-12", "outcomeZh": "准许撤回上诉。", "holdingsZh": [ "二审未对实体争议另作判断，一审判决依法生效。" ], "reasoningZh": [ "上诉人申请撤回上诉，法院审查后准许。" ], "reliefZh": "二审案件终结。", "scopeAndLimitsZh": "撤诉裁定不构成对一审实体理由的二审确认。", "precedentialWeight": "persuasive", "appealStatusZh": "程序终结。", "id": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:decision:appeal-withdrawal", "matterId": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights", "proceedingId": 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"relevanceSummaryZh": "为模型记忆、角色复现、训练去重与输出过滤等争议提供版权和工程交叉背景。 本次规则匹配仅使用本争点文本及其引用主张，命中 1 个确定性争点词；AI 作用分面只用于候选召回。", "viewpoint": "mixed", "confidence": 0.8500000000000001, "assignedBy": "rule" }, { "id": "news-context-link-matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights-matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:issue:platform-neutrality-news-context-ai-liability-ip-harms", "matterId": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights", "issueId": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:issue:platform-neutrality", "documentId": "news-context-ai-liability-ip-harms", "relationship": "news-context", "relevanceSummaryZh": "用于比较生成式 AI 供应链中训练复制、近似输出、元数据去除、商标和公开权的不同责任入口。 本次规则匹配仅使用本争点文本及其引用主张，命中 2 个确定性争点词。", "viewpoint": "mixed", "confidence": 0.9, "assignedBy": "rule" } ] }, "issueDocuments": [ { "link": { "id": "issue-document-matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights-matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:issue:virtual-personality-knowledge-deep-fakes", "matterId": 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"系统梳理深度伪造对人格、隐私、证据、民主和国家安全的不同伤害，并比较刑事、民事、平台治理和技术性应对各自的能力与代价。", "venue": "California Law Review 107(6): 1753–1820", "publisher": "California Law Review", "publicationState": "published", "peerReviewed": false, "paywalled": false }, "stableIdentifier": { "kind": "doi", "value": "10.15779/Z38RV0D15J" }, "legalTopics": [ "personality-deepfake", "privacy-data-protection", "public-law-human-rights", "copyright" ], "aiRoles": [ "deepfake", "model-output" ] } }, { "link": { "id": "news-context-link-matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights-matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:issue:virtual-personality-news-context-ai-liability-ip-harms", "matterId": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights", "issueId": "matter-cn-ai-companion-personality-rights:issue:virtual-personality", "documentId": "news-context-ai-liability-ip-harms", "relationship": "news-context", "relevanceSummaryZh": "用于比较生成式 AI 供应链中训练复制、近似输出、元数据去除、商标和公开权的不同责任入口。 本次规则匹配仅使用本争点文本及其引用主张，命中 1 个确定性争点词。", "viewpoint": "mixed", 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